Interleukin-6
From Standard of Care
Augments cell growth, inhibits apoptosis, and enhances drug resistance in multiple myeloma.
Elevated in tissues undergoing angiogenesis.
IL-6 induces angiogenesis by stimulating VEGF, a mitogen for endothelial cells.
Elevated in serum and pleural effusions of patients with mesothelioma and correlated with thrombocytosis in such patients.
A cytokine responsible for chronic inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis in joints and systemically.
The most abundant proinflammatory cytokine in the rheumatoid synovium and a major influence of an autoimmune response.
Has the ability to bind to soluble receptors and membranes.
When unregulated can stimulate and maintain chronic inflammation in articular and extraarticular sites in rheumatoid arthritis.
Contributes to synovial proliferation and destruction of cartilage and bone in inflamed joints.
Interaction with IL-6 and other cytokines, immune cells, synovial fibroblasts and osteoclasts associated with signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis including, cartilage destruction, bone degradation and pannus formation.
IL-6 found in abundance in rheumatoid synovium and markedly elevated in the serum of patients rheumatoid arthritis.
IL-6 levels correlate with rheumatoid disease stage, severity of joint destruction and many systemic manifestations of RA.
Can disrupt iron homeostasis resulting in anemia, as is seen in rheumatoid arthritis.
IL-6 levels may activate osteoclasts and accelerated osteoporosis.
Induces hepcidin synthesis and can contribute disruption of iron homestasis.
Associated with hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis that contributes to fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Upregulates hepatic production of acute phase proteins such as CRP, SAA and fibrinogen, which have been associated with cardiovascular risk.
Elevated levels predictive of endothelial dysfunction and increased atherogenesis.
Associated with fatigue, pain and fever.
Elevated in several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma.
Estrogen inhibits the induction of IL-6 produced by Kupffer cells.
